What happened to the Jews in 1939 AD?

"Bloody Monday" pogrom in Czestochowa

The day after German troops entered the city, a pogrom was organized in which a few hundred Jews were murdered.

By

German occupiers

Where

Częstochowa, Silesia, Poland

Attack on Jewish shops in Budweis

Jewish shops were attacked on July 21 after the Nazi annexation.

By

Local population and authorities

Where

České Budějovice, Bohemia, Czech Republic

Będzin massacre

Będzin massacre: Massacre of Bedzin Jews by Nazi Germans during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

By

Nazi Germans

Where

Będzin, Silesia, Poland

Częstochowa massacre

Częstochowa massacre: massacre of Polish and Jewish civilians by the Wehrmacht in 1939. Deaths: 1140.

By

Wehrmacht

Where

Częstochowa, Silesia, Poland

Deportation of Graz Jews to Vienna and the death camps

By June 1939 only about 300 Jews remained in Graz, and most were sent to Vienna and then to the death camps.

By

Unknown

Where

Graz, Styria, Austria

Deportation of Magdeburg Jews to camps

By May 1939 only a fraction of Magdeburg's Jews remained, and most of them were transported to concentration camps.

By

Nazi authorities

Where

Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Deportation of remaining Gotha Jews

The remaining 80 Jews of Gotha had been deported by 1939.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Gotha, Thuringia, Germany

Eviction and deportation of Kalisz Jews to Lublin district

About 10,000 Jews were driven from their homes on Nov. 20, 1939 to make room for Baltic Volksdeutsche, held in warehouses, and deported to the Lublin district of the General Government in early December.

By

German occupation authorities

Where

Kalisz, Greater Poland, Poland

Executions in the Valley of Death

The Executions in the Valley of Death were a series of mass executions carried out by German occupiers in a valley near the town of Fordon (now a district of Bydgoszcz). In this location – later called the Valley of Death – paramilitary members of the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz and officers of the Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1,200 and 3,000 residents of Bydgoszcz and nearby localities in the autumn of 1939.

By

Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz, Einsatzgruppen

Where

Bydgoszcz, Kuyavia-Pomerania, Poland

Expulsion of Torun's Jews to the General Government

The Jewish community of Torun was liquidated in autumn 1939 when its Jews were expelled into the General Government territory.

By

Nazi German occupation authorities

Where

Toruń, Poland

First Polish women prisoners reach Ravensbrück

Following Germany's September invasion of Poland, the first Polish women prisoners were brought to Ravensbrück. Before 1945 ended, over 40,000 women, Polish or from the eastern lands occupied by Germany, would be deported to the camp.

By

Unknown

Where

Ravensbrück, Brandenburg, Germany

General Blaskowitz protests Einsatzgruppen brutality

General Johannes Blaskowitz, commanding Greater Germany's Eastern sector, protested to Germany's High Command that the Einsatzgruppen (killing squads) were excessively brutal and endangered army discipline. His protest was recorded but mostly disregarded, and the killings went on unchanged.

By

Nazi Germany

German repressions against the people of Bydgoszcz

Between September and December 1939, Nazi German occupiers in Poland instigated a series of mass executions against the civilian population of Bydgoszcz, targeting those of Polish and Jewish origin.

By

Wehrmacht soldiers and Einsatzgruppen officers

Where

Bydgoszcz, Kuyavia-Pomerania, Poland

German security police officials deport approximately 3,800 Austrian, Czech, and Polish Jews from Vienna, Moravská Ostrava, and Katowice to a makeshift camp in Zarzecze near Nisko, Lublin District, Generalgouvernement.

By

Unknown

Where

Vienna, Austria · Ostrava, Moravia, Czech Republic

German troops murder 1,350 Jews at Chelm

At Chelm, Poland, German soldiers murdered 1,350 Jews.

By

German troops

Where

Chełm, Lublin, Poland

German troops murder 600 Jews at Ostrow Mazowiecki

At Ostrow Mazowiecki, Poland, German soldiers murdered six hundred Jews.

By

German troops

Where

Ostrów Mazowiecka, Poland

Germany invades western Poland, starting World War II

German troops overran western Poland, setting off World War II. The bombing of Warsaw killed three thousand Jewish civilians.

By

German

Himmler decrees death for Jews who evade deportation

SS chief Heinrich Himmler made refusal to report for deportation a capital offense for German Jews.

By

Nazi Germany

Himmler orders Jews cleared from rural western Poland

SS chief Heinrich Himmler set a three-month window for removing every Jew from the countryside in Poland's west. Hundreds of communities would be hit, with thousands of Jews expelled carrying only what they could hold.

By

Nazi Germany

Hitler authorizes "mercy deaths" of ill and "undesirable" Germans

Hitler ordered that chosen doctors be empowered to carry out euthanasia, so-called "mercy deaths," on German citizens deemed incurably ill or undesirable. The killings required no legal justification.

By

Hitler

Jews deported from Lódz, West Prussia, Poznan and Danzig

The Nazis started removing Jews from Danzig, Poznan, West Prussia and Lódz, all in annexed Poland, sending them elsewhere within the Generalgouvernement.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Łódź, Poland · West Prussia, Poland · Poznań, Greater Poland, Poland

Końskie massacre

Końskie Massacre (1939): war crime committed in September 1939 by Wehrmacht soldiers against Jews. Deaths: 19.

By

Wehrmacht soldiers

Where

Poland

Krasnosielc massacre

The Krasnosielc massacre was a war crime committed by the Germans during the September 1939 campaign. It has sometimes been described as the first mass murder of Jews in Poland during WWII.

By

Germans

Where

Krasnosielc, Masovia, Poland

Mass deportations of Jews from western Poland begin

The Nazis started deporting Jews from western Poland en masse.

By

Nazi Germany

Massacre in Dynów

The Dynów massacre was a massacre committed by German Wehrmacht, Gestapo and Einsatzkommando soldiers in Dynów during the German Invasion of Poland in September 1939, on the first day of Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah), in which some 170–200 Jewish civilians from the town were murdered. 150 Jews were mass murdered by machine guns after being taken away from the town on trucks.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Dynów, Subcarpathia, Poland

Murder of about 500 Jews after German capture of Przemysl

Within days of taking the city, the Germans killed some 500 Jews, about half of them refugees, on a fabricated charge that Jews had shot 12 Germans.

By

German forces

Where

Przemyśl, Poland

Murder of the Jews of Skuodas by Nazi occupation forces

The roughly 250 Jews living in Skuodas were all killed by the Nazi occupiers. The text gives 1939 only as the population count year, not the year of the killings.

By

Nazi occupation forces

Where

Skuodas, Lithuania

Nazis begin deporting Austrian and Moravian Jews to Poland

Nazi deportations to Poland of Jews living in Austria and Moravia got under way.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Austria

Operation Tannenberg

The German invasion of Poland starts World War II in Europe. Thousands of Polish Jews and non-Jews are killed by the SS-Einsatzgruppen during Operation Tannenberg.

By

SS-Einsatzgruppen

Where

Europe (several countries)

Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre

Ostrów Mazowiecka massacre: massacre of Polish Jews by German police. Deaths: 600.

By

German police

Where

Poland

Piaśnica massacres

The massacres in Piaśnica were a series of mass murders carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II, between the fall of 1939 and spring of 1940 in Piaśnica Wielka (Groß Piasnitz) in the Darzlubska Wilderness near Wejherowo. The exact number of people murdered is unknown, but estimates range between 12,000 and 14,000 victims.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Piaśnica, Pomerania, Poland

RSHA chief Reinhard Heydrich orders the beginning of the deportations of Jews and Poles from District Wartheland (an area of western Poland directly annexed to the German Reich) to the Generalgouvernement. Security Police officials initiate deportations three days later, on December 1.

By

Unknown

Where

Wartheland, Poland

SS deports over 8,000 Jews from Pultusk on Sukkot

The SS chose the opening of Sukkot, the weeklong Jewish festival, to drive more than 8,000 Jews out of Pultusk, Poland.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Pułtusk, Poland

Second deportation of East European Jews from Leipzig to Poland

Another thousand East European Jews were deported from Leipzig to Poland in early 1939.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Leipzig, Saxony, Germany

Second pogrom in Czestochowa on December 25

A second pogrom took place on Christmas Day 1939 in Czestochowa.

By

German occupiers

Where

Częstochowa, Silesia, Poland

Szczucin massacre

The Szczucin massacre, which occurred on September 12, 1939, in the village of Szczucin, was a war crime committed by the Wehrmacht during its invasion of Poland. On that day, at least 40 Polish prisoners of war and around 30 civilian refugees were either shot or burned alive in the local school building.

By

Wehrmacht

Where

Szczucin, Poland

Sławków massacre

Sławków massacre: Massacre of Jews by Nazi Germans during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

By

Nazi Germans

Where

Sławków, Poland

The "Voyage of the damned": S.S

The "Voyage of the damned": S.S. St. Louis, carrying 907 Jewish refugees from Germany, is turned back by Canada, Cuba and the US. After they were denied entry to those places, the refugees were finally accepted in various European countries, including Belgium, the Netherlands, the UK, and France.

By

Canada

Where

Germany

The Netherlands establishes a refugee camp for Central European Jewish refugees at Westerbork, Drenthe. After the German invasion the camp is converted into a transit camp to transport Jews to death camps.

By

Netherlands

Where

Westerbork, Drenthe, Netherlands

Vienna "Resettlement action" deports Jewish men for forced labor

Vienna, Austria, launched the Übersiedlungsaktion ("Resettlement action") targeting Jewish men fit for work, who were sent to Poland as forced laborers.

By

Unknown

Gestapo confiscates 59 Jewish art collections in Munich and Oberbayer between 15 November 1938 and 18 January 1939

Gestapo confiscates 59 Jewish art collections in Munich and Oberbayer between 15 November 1938 and 18 January 1939: Holocaust event, Nazi plunder of Jews.

By

Gestapo

Where

Munich, Bavaria, Germany

Deportation of Halberstadt Jews

186 Jews were deported from Halberstadt between 1939 and 1942, and none returned.

By

Nazi authorities

Where

Halberstadt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Deportations of Viennese Jews

Deportations began with transports to Nisko in October 1939 and continued until the last mass transport in September 1942, mostly to Theresienstadt and then Auschwitz.

By

Nazi regime

Where

Vienna, Austria

Nazi use of Kyjov camp to assemble and deport Jews

The Nazis used the Kyjov camp to gather the Jews of the town and district, and in early 1943 deported 2,852 people in three transports to Theresienstadt, from where they were sent on to Auschwitz.

By

Nazis

Where

Kyjov, Moravia, Czech Republic

Zbylitowska Góra massacre

Zbylitowska Góra massacre: Mass executions of Jews and Poles carried out by Nazi German forces during the Second World War in Buczyna Forest near Zbylitowska Góra.. Deaths: 8000.

By

Schutzstaffel, Ordnungspolizei

Where

Zbylitowska Góra, Poland

Deportation and killing of Jews of Phalsbourg in World War II

During the Second World War, nine Jews from Phalsbourg died while being deported and two others were shot.

By

Unknown

Where

Phalsbourg, Lorraine, France

Deportation and murder of Krefeld Jews

Jews from Krefeld were deported to the East, mostly to Theresienstadt, while dozens were killed or driven to suicide in the city.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Krefeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Deportation of Holesov Jews to extermination camps

Under the Nazi occupation, about 200 Jewish families were deported from Holesov to extermination camps.

By

Nazi occupation authorities

Where

Holešov, Moravia, Czech Republic

Deportation of Munich Jews during the war

A total of 4,500 Jews were deported from Munich, many to Theresienstadt, and only about 300 returned.

By

Nazi regime

Where

Munich, Bavaria, Germany

Expulsion and deportation of Jews from Metz under German occupation

Under German occupation, Metz was made judenrein through brutal expulsions, and about 1,500 Jews died after deportation.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Metz, Lorraine, France

Expulsion of Colmar Jews and ransacking of synagogue in WWII

During World War II the Jews of Colmar were expelled from their homes and the synagogue was completely ransacked.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Colmar, Alsace, France

Holocaust denial

The Holocaust. About 6 million Jews, including about 1 million children, systematically killed by Nazi Germany and other Axis powers.

By

Nazi Germany and other

The Holocaust

Nazi Germany carried out the Holocaust against the Jews.

By

Nazi Germany

Holocaust murder of Eisenstadt Jews

One hundred and nine Jews from Eisenstadt were killed in the Holocaust.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Eisenstadt, Burgenland, Austria

The Holocaust (Ha Shoah), resulting in the methodical extermination of nearly 6 million Jews across Europe.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Europe (several countries)

Holocaust

Holocaust: in wide sense: Nazi genocides of Jews, Roma, homosexuals etc..

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Germany

Kristallnacht

The Nazi German persecution started with the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933, reached a first climax during Kristallnacht in 1938 and culminated in the Holocaust of European Jewry. The 1938 Evian Conference, the 1943 Bermuda Conference and other attempts failed to resolve the problem of Jewish refugees, a fact widely used in Nazi propaganda.

By

Nazi Germany

Where

Germany