Massacre / pogrom20
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Anti-Jewish attacks in Sundgau, Alsace
Peasants in Sundgau exploited the general unrest to attack Jews, some of whom fled to Switzerland. The violence spread north with pillaging of Jewish houses until the army restored order.
- By
- Peasants of Sundgau
Encyclopaedia Judaica: France (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Anti-Jewish demonstrations in Karlsruhe (1848)
Anti-Jewish demonstrations took place again in Karlsruhe in 1848.
- By
- Unknown
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Anti-Jewish disturbances in Moravia in 1848
The revolutionary year saw anti-Jewish disturbances, prompting the Jews of Prostejov to organize a national guard.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Moravia, Czech Republic
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Anti-Jewish riot in Presburg (1848)
Citizens rioted against the granting of equal rights to Jews; one Jew was killed, several wounded, and much property including the Jewish school was destroyed.
- By
- Citizens of Presburg
3 sources
About this entry
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Anti-Jewish rioting during the 1848 revolution in Baden
Severe, widespread anti-Jewish riots accompanied the revolution, especially in northern Baden.
- By
- Mobs
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Anti-Jewish riots during the 1848 revolution
The 1848 revolution was accompanied by anti-Jewish riots in many localities, mainly in Prague.
- By
- Mobs
- Where
- Prague, Bohemia, Czech Republic
2 sources
About this entry
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Anti-Jewish riots in Bruchsal during March Revolution
Violent anti-Jewish riots broke out in Bruchsal during the revolutionary unrest of March 1848.
- By
- Unknown
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Anti-Jewish riots in Prostějov
Anti-Jewish riots broke out in 1848; Jewish National Guard members were praised for their conduct in fighting them.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Prostějov, Moravia, Czech Republic
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Anti-Jewish violence during 1848 revolution in Hesse
Jews in Hesse suffered attacks during the revolution of 1848.
- By
- Rioters
2 sources
About this entry
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Attack and plunder of Jews in Szombathely during the 1848 revolution
At the start of the 1848 revolution Jews in the town were attacked and plundered and threatened with expulsion, until the authorities intervened.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Szombathely, Hungary
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Attacks on Jews in Stuhlweissenburg and Steinamanger
During the revolution, mobs demanded the expulsion of Jews from several towns and attacked Jews in Stuhlweissenburg and Steinamanger.
- By
- Mobs
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hungary (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Mob attack on Rome's Jews
Soon after the ghetto walls began to come down, a mob rose against the Jews, who defended themselves successfully.
- By
- Mob
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Mob attack on the Jewish quarter of Pest
On April 19, 1848 a mob attacked the Jewish quarter of Pest and was driven back by the military.
- By
- Mob
- Where
- Budapest (Pest), Hungary
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Mob seizes first Jew permitted to resettle in Olomouc
When the Jewish community was reconstituted, the first Jew allowed to resettle was seized by a mob and carried out of town on a hearse.
- By
- Mob
- Where
- Olomouc, Moravia, Czech Republic
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Pesth Jews attacked and plundered at Passover
The populace assaulted and robbed Jews on the second day of Passover, and Jews were excluded from the national guard.
- By
- Pesth populace
- Where
- Budapest (Pest), Hungary
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Serbs kill Jews at Zenta
Rebellious Serbs murdered Jews at Zenta who sympathized with Hungary, including Rabbi Israel Ullmann and Jacob Münz.
- By
- Serbian insurgents
- Where
- Senta (Zenta), Vojvodina, Serbia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hungary (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Anti-Jewish disturbances in Pezinok
Anti-Jewish disturbances swept the city during the Spring of Nations.
- By
- Unknown
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First Odessa pogroms
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
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Forced conversion1
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Conscription of Jewish children into cantonist units in Russia
Russia made military service compulsory for Jews and placed minors in cantonist training units, where they were pressured, starved and tortured in order to make them convert. The system ran until its abolition in 1856, with an estimated 30,000-40,000 Jewish minors taken.
- By
- Russian government under Nicholas I
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
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Discriminatory law25
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Council bars Jews from national guard and orders them back to ghetto
The municipal council refused Jews entry to the national guard and ordered Jews who had rented houses outside the ghetto to return to it.
- By
- Presburg municipal council
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Guild demands for expulsion of Buda Jews
During the 1848 revolution the guilds renewed demands that the Jews of Buda be expelled.
- By
- Guilds of Buda
- Where
- Budapest (Buda), Hungary
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jews forced out of the national guard in Kolín
Jewish members of a national guard unit that had gone to help the revolution in Prague were later pushed out of the guard.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Kolín, Bohemia, Czech Republic
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-
Limits on Jewish election to Parliament and the Jewish oath in Anhalt
After 1848 the Dessau-Anhalt government tried to restrict Jews' right to be elected to Parliament and kept the humiliating Jewish oath for a long time.
- By
- Dessau-Anhalt government
- Where
- Dessau, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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Restrictions on Rome's Jews reestablished
The reactionary movement of 1848 brought back the restrictions on the Jews of Rome.
- By
- Reactionary movement in Rome
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-
Restrictions on Jewish settlement in Kaunas
Restrictions on Jews settling in Kaunas were introduced in 1845 and lifted in 1858.
- By
- Russian authorities
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Residence and occupation restrictions on Jews of Jassy
Ordinances barred Jews from living in certain streets, hiring Christian servants, lending money or selling old clothes. They were issued and then ignored once payment was made.
- By
- Prince Michael Sturza
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Iași (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Vagabondage decree used to despoil the Jews of Jassy
Prince Michael Sturza issued a vagabondage decree meant as an excuse to plunder the Jews. The community paid heavily to have it set aside.
- By
- Prince Michael Sturza
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-
Russian anti-Jewish legislation extended to Bessarabia
Bessarabian autonomy was dismantled from 1835 and Russia's Jewish legislation was applied there. The ban on residence in border areas was enforced from 1839 and compulsory military service from 1852.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Bessarabia, Moldova
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Russian monopoly restricting Hebrew printing to Zhitomir and Wilna
The Russian government limited the printing of Hebrew books to just two cities, Zhitomir and Wilna, for the duration of the monopoly.
- By
- Russian government
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Nicholas I's flood of anti-Jewish legislation
During the reign of Nicholas I about six hundred laws concerning Jews were enacted, half of all such Russian enactments between 1649 and 1881. They were drafted under the emperor's supervision and aimed at restricting, reeducating and converting the Jewish population.
- By
- Nicholas I
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
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-
Sevastopol closed to Jewish residence
The military port of Sevastopol was excluded from the Pale of Settlement, so Jews could not live there; wealthier Jews were admitted later.
- By
- Russian Empire
- Where
- Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine
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Rabbi Israel Salanter develops the Mussar Movement
Rabbi Israel Salanter develops the Mussar Movement. While teaching that Jewish law is binding, he dismisses current philosophical debate and advocates the ethical teachings as the essence of Judaism.
- By
- Unknown
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Russian restrictions on Jewish settlement in border towns
Russian rules limiting Jewish settlement in border towns barred further Jewish settlement in Augustow. The community only began to shrink once the regulations were strictly enforced.
- By
- Russian authorities
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Poll-tax on Jews entering Galicia from Poland
A special poll-tax was imposed on Jews coming from the kingdom of Poland, and it remained in force until an imperial edict abolished it in 1851.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jews barred from burying their dead in Wiener Neustadt
After resettling in 1848, Jews were not allowed a cemetery in the city and had to bury their dead in neighboring communities until 1889.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria, Austria
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St. Gallen "Jews' Law" imposes severe restrictions
The canton's Jews' Law of 1818 placed Jews under heavy restrictions, and such exceptional laws stayed in force until Swiss Jews were emancipated in 1863.
- By
- Canton of St. Gallen
- Where
- St. Gallen, Switzerland
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-
Religion examination required for Jewish marriage
Jews wishing to marry had to pass a religion examination based on Homberg's textbook, a rule kept until 1856.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Boundary restricting Jewish house ownership in Szegedin
A boundary line was drawn beyond which Jews could not acquire houses; the ordinance remained in force until it was repealed in 1859.
- By
- Szegedin authorities
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-
Jews of Corfu lose rights under British protectorate
Under the British-protected Ionian republic the Jews were barred from practising in the courts and lost all their rights.
- By
- Ionian Islands republic under British protectorate
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
2 sources
About this entry
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-
English rule bars Jews from citizenship
Under English control the Jews' status improved, but they were still forbidden to become citizens.
- By
- English (British) administration
- Where
- Zakynthos, Ionian Islands, Greece
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-
Restrictive laws on Jews in Tyrol remain in force
After Austria confirmed the Bavarian edict of 1813, laws forbidding new Jewish settlers, real estate purchase and public office stayed in force until the 1867 constitution.
- By
- Austrian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Innsbruck (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Finnish restrictions on Jewish residence, movement and occupations
Finnish authorities imposed restrictions on Jewish residents, limiting where they could live, their movement and their occupations. They required permits renewed every three months and allowed expulsion for any violation.
- By
- Finnish authorities
- Where
- Finland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Finland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Ban on shehitah under the kingdom of Saxony
The Saxon kingdom prohibited Jewish ritual slaughter, affecting the Chemnitz community until the end of 1918.
- By
- Kingdom of Saxony
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-
Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization2
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Compulsory Jewish quarter in Kalisz
Under pressure from local authorities, the government ordered Jews of Kalisz to live in a separate, overcrowded quarter, which lasted until 1862.
- By
- Government of Congress Poland
- Where
- Kalisz, Greater Poland, Poland
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-
Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)1
-
Three blood libels in Aleppo
Over two decades three separate ritual-murder accusations were leveled against the Jews of Aleppo.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Aleppo (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Destruction1
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Synagogue desecrated at Steinamanger
A mob stormed the synagogue at Steinamanger, shredded the Torah scrolls and dumped them in a well.
- By
- Mob of Steinamanger
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hungary (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation45
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Abolition of restrictions on Jews in 1848
The revolution of 1848 brought removal of most legal and economic restrictions on Jews, free movement and settlement, and freedom of worship.
- By
- Austrian parliament
- Where
- Moravia, Czech Republic
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-
Citizenship granted to Jews of Vercelli
Jews received citizenship, completing their emancipation.
- By
- Piedmontese authorities
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-
Civic equality granted to Jews in Hanover
Hanover granted civic equality to Jews on September 5, 1848.
- By
- Government of Hanover
- Where
- Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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-
Civic rights granted to Jews of Worms
During the 19th century the Jews of Worms received civic rights together with the Jews of Hesse; a Jew was elected mayor in 1848.
- By
- Hessian authorities
- Where
- Worms, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
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-
Civil rights granted to the Jews of Alessandria
A decree of 29 March 1848 granted civil rights to the Jews of Alessandria and admitted them to the army and public service.
- By
- Kingdom of Sardinia
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Emancipation of Jews in Nice guaranteed
Emancipation was finally guaranteed to the Jews of Nice.
- By
- Sardinian administration
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-
Emancipation of Jews in the kingdom of Sardinia
Following the March statute, a law of July 19 declared Jews equal to other citizens.
- By
- Kingdom of Sardinia
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Emancipation of the Jews in Hamburg
The revolution of 1848 led to the legal emancipation of Hamburg's Jews, as it did in many other states of the German Confederation.
- By
- Revolutionary movement / Hamburg authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hamburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
End of discrimination against Jews in Boskovice
Discriminatory restrictions on Jews were ended in 1848.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Boskovice, Moravia, Czech Republic
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-
Equality before the law proclaimed for all Prussians
The year 1848 brought a proclamation that all Prussians were equal before the law, ending the Jewish struggle for equal rights in Prussia.
- By
- Prussian government
3 sources
About this entry
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-
Equality granted to Tuscan Jews
A constitution granted by Grand Duke Leopold II gave Jews in Florence and Tuscany equal rights.
- By
- Grand Duke Leopold II
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-
Free exercise of religion granted in new constitution
The new constitution granted free exercise of religion, ending earlier religious restrictions on Jews.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Austria
4 sources
About this entry
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-
Freedom of residence for Jews in Znojmo after 1848 constitution
The 1848 constitution declared freedom of residence, allowing Jews to settle in Znaim again.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Znojmo (Znaim), Moravia, Czech Republic
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-
Full citizenship for Jews in Genoa under Sardinian constitution
The promulgation of the constitution of the kingdom of Sardinia gave the Jews of Genoa full citizenship rights.
- By
- Kingdom of Sardinia
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Full emancipation of Lübeck Jews
A law of October 1848 abolished all legal disabilities of the Jews, completing their emancipation.
- By
- Lübeck government
- Where
- Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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-
Full freedom of settlement granted to Jews in Novy Jicin
Jews were granted full freedom of settlement, ending the earlier residence restrictions.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Nový Jičín, Moravia, Czech Republic
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nový Jičín (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghetto gate pillars destroyed and equality obtained
Following the legate's removal of the gates, the remaining pillars were destroyed in 1848 and Jews obtained equality.
- By
- Athenæum professors and students
- Where
- Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Ferrara (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghetto walls disappear and Jews gain full liberty in Teplitz
After 1848 the ghetto walls vanished and the Jews of Teplitz obtained full liberty.
- By
- Austrian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Teplice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Individual Jewish families allowed to settle in Graz
After 1848, individual families holding special permits were allowed to settle in Graz.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Graz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews permitted to enter the duchy of Gotha
After 1848 the restriction on Jewish residence was lifted and Jews were free to enter the duchy.
- By
- Duchy of Gotha
2 sources
About this entry
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Jews permitted to resettle in Budweis
After centuries of exclusion, Jews were allowed to settle in the city again.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: České Budějovice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews permitted to resettle in Pilsen
After 1848 the ban on Jewish residence was lifted and Jews were allowed to settle in Pilsen again.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Plzeň (Pilsen), Bohemia, Czech Republic
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Plzeň (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews permitted to settle in Bremen
A legal act regularized the position of Jews by allowing them to settle in the city, ending the prohibition on settlement.
- By
- Bremen government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bremen (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Kremsir Jews freed from episcopal control and ghetto gates removed
The 1848 revolution freed the Jews of Kremsir from the bishops' control, and Kremsir was the first city in the province allowed to remove its ghetto gates.
- By
- Austrian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Krems (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Piedmont's Jews fully emancipated
When the Piedmontese constitution was proclaimed, the Jews of Piedmont in northern Italy received full emancipation.
- By
- Charles Albert
4 sources
About this entry
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Political equality secured for Jews in the revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848 secured political equality for Jews in European states.
- By
- Revolutionary governments
- Where
- Europe (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Europe (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Religious freedom proclaimed in Nassau
Religious freedom was proclaimed, benefiting Jews.
- By
- Nassau government
3 sources
About this entry
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Residence restrictions on Jews theoretically ended
The revolutionary year of 1848 formally brought an end to the residence restrictions that had kept Jews out of most Transylvanian towns.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Transylvania, Romania
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Transylvania (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Revolution of 1848 brings advantages to Italian Jews
The Revolution of 1848 brought significant improvements to the legal position of the Jews in Italy.
- By
- Revolutionary governments
- Where
- Italy
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Italy (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Revolution of 1848 brings freedom to Jews
The revolution of 1848 brought freedom to the Jews of Ancona.
- By
- Revolutionary authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Province of Ancona (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Revolution of 1848 gives Bavarian Jews suffrage
The revolution gave Jews the right to vote and led to an emancipation law being presented to the Diet and adopted as part of the constitution.
- By
- Bavarian Diet
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bavaria (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Special Jewish taxes abolished
The special taxes imposed on Jews were abolished.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Repeal of the moral patent and equal rights law in Hesse
The discriminatory moral patent for Rhein-Hessen was repealed in 1847, and the 1848 law declared religious difference no basis for differing political or civic rights.
- By
- Grand Duchy of Hesse
- Where
- Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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Equality of citizens proclaimed; Prague Jewish community joins the city
Legal equality of all citizens regardless of creed was proclaimed, and the Jewish quarter was incorporated into the city.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Prague, Bohemia, Czech Republic
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Old New Synagogue (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frankfurt Parliament grants equal rights to Jews
The Frankfurt Parliament's Basic Laws declared that religious affiliation must not affect the enjoyment of civil and political rights, extending equality to Jews.
- By
- Frankfurt Parliament
- Where
- Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Germany (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jewish rights restored under the revived Venetian Republic
During the revolutionary Republic led by Daniel Manin, Jewish rights were briefly restored.
- By
- Republic of San Marco (Daniel Manin)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Venice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Special Jewish taxes rescinded and equality granted
The revolutionary parliament abolished special taxes on Jews, and the March 1849 constitution granted them equal rights.
- By
- Austrian revolutionary parliament
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Adoption and repeal of Frankfort Grundrechte
Mecklenburg adopted the Frankfort Parliament's basic rights abolishing religious disabilities, then repealed them two years later.
- By
- Mecklenburg government
- Where
- Mecklenburg, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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End of exclusion and recognition of Brno Jewish community
After the 1848 revolution the exclusion of Jews ended, the community was organized, and it received official recognition in 1859.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Brno, Moravia, Czech Republic
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Brno (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Freedom of residence granted to Jews in Vienna
Jews were granted freedom of residence in Vienna in 1848 and 1860, reversing earlier restrictions.
- By
- Austrian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mikulov (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Toleration-tax on Jews abolished under Ferdinand V
King Ferdinand V abrogated the toleration-tax that had stigmatized Jews for about a century.
- By
- King Ferdinand V
- Where
- Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Tanzimat reforms assure equality before the law
Ottoman reform programs assured non-Turks, including Jews, equality before the law.
- By
- Ottoman Empire
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Sarajevo (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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The development of Orthodox Judaism, a set of traditionalist movements that resisted the influences of modernization that arose in response to the European emancipation and Enlightenment movements; characterized by continued strict adherence to Halakha.
- By
- Unknown
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from Portugal lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Portugal (1497) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Portugal
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Spain (31 March 1492) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Spain
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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