Massacre / pogrom2
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First Odessa pogroms
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Forced conversion1
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Conscription of Jewish children into cantonist units in Russia
Russia made military service compulsory for Jews and placed minors in cantonist training units, where they were pressured, starved and tortured in order to make them convert. The system ran until its abolition in 1856, with an estimated 30,000-40,000 Jewish minors taken.
- By
- Russian government under Nicholas I
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Cantonists (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law25
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Law compelling Jews to adopt family names
Nassau issued a law obliging Jews to take family names.
- By
- Nassau government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Nassau (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Royal decree worsens Jewish position in Hungary
A royal decree issued in the interests of the free royal towns failed to support the Estates' pro-Jewish bill and in some respects made Jewish conditions worse.
- By
- King of Hungary
- Where
- Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hungary (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Moldavian laws allow expulsion of "useless" Jews as vagrants
Additions to the Organic Law let the authorities decide which Jews were useful. The rest could be declared vagrants and expelled.
- By
- Moldavian authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Romania (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Residence and occupation restrictions on Jews of Jassy
Ordinances barred Jews from living in certain streets, hiring Christian servants, lending money or selling old clothes. They were issued and then ignored once payment was made.
- By
- Prince Michael Sturza
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Iași (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Vagabondage decree used to despoil the Jews of Jassy
Prince Michael Sturza issued a vagabondage decree meant as an excuse to plunder the Jews. The community paid heavily to have it set aside.
- By
- Prince Michael Sturza
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Iași (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Russian anti-Jewish legislation extended to Bessarabia
Bessarabian autonomy was dismantled from 1835 and Russia's Jewish legislation was applied there. The ban on residence in border areas was enforced from 1839 and compulsory military service from 1852.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Bessarabia, Moldova
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bessarabia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Hanoverian restoration of former restrictions on Jews in Emden
After the wars of liberation, under the kings of Hanover, the Jews were returned to their earlier restricted status. They were not freed from it until 1842.
- By
- Kings of Hanover
- Where
- Emden, Lower Saxony, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Emden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Nicholas I's flood of anti-Jewish legislation
During the reign of Nicholas I about six hundred laws concerning Jews were enacted, half of all such Russian enactments between 1649 and 1881. They were drafted under the emperor's supervision and aimed at restricting, reeducating and converting the Jewish population.
- By
- Nicholas I
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Sevastopol closed to Jewish residence
The military port of Sevastopol was excluded from the Pale of Settlement, so Jews could not live there; wealthier Jews were admitted later.
- By
- Russian Empire
- Where
- Sevastopol, Crimea, Ukraine
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Crimea (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Special restrictive laws for Jews in the Free State of Cracow
The Free State adopted special laws for Jews, abolished the kahal and denied Jews free citizenship, burdening them with degrading restrictions until 1846.
- By
- Free State of Cracow commission on organization
- Where
- Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Kraków (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Patchwork of territorial Jews' laws in Prussia
Instead of a uniform regulation, Prussia maintained twenty-one separate territorial Jews' laws across its eight provinces, each applying to only part of the Jews.
- By
- Prussian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Germany (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Rabbi Israel Salanter develops the Mussar Movement
Rabbi Israel Salanter develops the Mussar Movement. While teaching that Jewish law is binding, he dismisses current philosophical debate and advocates the ethical teachings as the essence of Judaism.
- By
- Unknown
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleonic decree requiring Jews to hold good-character certificates for trade
Napoleon's decree of 1808 required Jews to have certificates of good character before engaging in trade; the rule stayed in force until 1847.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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Russian restrictions on Jewish settlement in border towns
Russian rules limiting Jewish settlement in border towns barred further Jewish settlement in Augustow. The community only began to shrink once the regulations were strictly enforced.
- By
- Russian authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Augustów (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Poll-tax on Jews entering Galicia from Poland
A special poll-tax was imposed on Jews coming from the kingdom of Poland, and it remained in force until an imperial edict abolished it in 1851.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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St. Gallen "Jews' Law" imposes severe restrictions
The canton's Jews' Law of 1818 placed Jews under heavy restrictions, and such exceptional laws stayed in force until Swiss Jews were emancipated in 1863.
- By
- Canton of St. Gallen
- Where
- St. Gallen, Switzerland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): St. Gallen (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Religion examination required for Jewish marriage
Jews wishing to marry had to pass a religion examination based on Homberg's textbook, a rule kept until 1856.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Boundary restricting Jewish house ownership in Szegedin
A boundary line was drawn beyond which Jews could not acquire houses; the ordinance remained in force until it was repealed in 1859.
- By
- Szegedin authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on Jewish residence in the duchy of Gotha
Before 1848 Jews were not allowed to live in the duchy of Gotha and could trade there only under restrictions.
- By
- Duchy of Gotha
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Gotha (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews of Corfu lose rights under British protectorate
Under the British-protected Ionian republic the Jews were barred from practising in the courts and lost all their rights.
- By
- Ionian Islands republic under British protectorate
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
2 sources
About this entry
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English rule bars Jews from citizenship
Under English control the Jews' status improved, but they were still forbidden to become citizens.
- By
- English (British) administration
- Where
- Zakynthos, Ionian Islands, Greece
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Zakynthos (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Restrictive laws on Jews in Tyrol remain in force
After Austria confirmed the Bavarian edict of 1813, laws forbidding new Jewish settlers, real estate purchase and public office stayed in force until the 1867 constitution.
- By
- Austrian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Innsbruck (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Finnish restrictions on Jewish residence, movement and occupations
Finnish authorities imposed restrictions on Jewish residents, limiting where they could live, their movement and their occupations. They required permits renewed every three months and allowed expulsion for any violation.
- By
- Finnish authorities
- Where
- Finland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Finland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on shehitah under the kingdom of Saxony
The Saxon kingdom prohibited Jewish ritual slaughter, affecting the Chemnitz community until the end of 1918.
- By
- Kingdom of Saxony
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Chemnitz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization4
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Ghetto gates of Rome re-erected under Gregory XVI
Despite Austrian intercession and his debt to the Rothschilds, Pope Gregory XVI had the ghetto gates put up again.
- By
- Pope Gregory XVI
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Rome (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jewish residence restricted to two areas in Hamburg
Although there was no formal ghetto, Jews were effectively limited to living in two areas of the city until the 1842 fire.
- By
- City of Hamburg
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Hamburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Compulsory Jewish quarter in Kalisz
Under pressure from local authorities, the government ordered Jews of Kalisz to live in a separate, overcrowded quarter, which lasted until 1862.
- By
- Government of Congress Poland
- Where
- Kalisz, Greater Poland, Poland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Kalisz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)5
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American Jews protest the Damascus blood libel
American Jews mounted their first organized protest, against the false blood libel charges in Damascus, Syria.
- By
- American Jewry
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline for the History of Judaism (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary in Jistory's own words of facts from the Jewish Virtual Library, written with AI assistance. Not individually reviewed; the linked page is the authority. How entries are made
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Blood libel in Ottoman Southern Syria
Blood Libel in Ottoman Southern Syria
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Ottoman Southern Syria (several countries)
Wikipedia: Timeline of antisemitism in the 19th century (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Timeline of antisemitism in the 19th century”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Damascus affair
After a Capuchin friar disappeared, Damascus Jews were accused of ritual murder. Several were arrested and tortured, and some died, before international pressure won the survivors' release.
- By
- Damascus authorities under governor Sharif Pasha, encouraged by French consul Ratti-Menton
CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)16 sources
- Wikipedia: Damascus affair (opens in a new tab)
- Wikipedia: Timeline of antisemitism in the 19th century (opens in a new tab)
- Wikipedia: Pogrom (opens in a new tab)
- Wikidata (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): blood libel (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Damascus affair (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Damascus (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): England (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Turkey (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): New York City (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Syria (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alliance Israélite Universelle (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: New York City (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: France (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Blood Libel (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Damascus Affair (opens in a new tab)
About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Damascus affair”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Damascus blood libel: Jews falsely accused of murdering a friar
In the Damascus blood libel, Jews were falsely charged with killing a Franciscan friar.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline for the History of Judaism (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary in Jistory's own words of facts from the Jewish Virtual Library, written with AI assistance. Not individually reviewed; the linked page is the authority. How entries are made
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Rhodes blood libel
Rhodes blood libel: 1840 event of blood libel against Jews.
- By
- Governor Yusuf Pasha, Greek clergy and European consuls
- Where
- Rhodes, Dodecanese, Greece
5 sources
About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Based on Wikidata (CC0). How entries are made
Readmission / emancipation15
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Abolition of Jewish legal disabilities in Turkey
Sultan Abd al-Majid abolished the legal disabilities imposed on Jews in the Ottoman Empire.
- By
- Sultan 'Abd al-Majid
- Where
- Turkey
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): disability (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Emancipation of Hungarian Jews opens Szombathely to Jews
The Hungarian law of 1840 emancipated Jews, forcing the city to admit them as residents.
- By
- Hungarian government
- Where
- Szombathely, Hungary
2 sources
About this entry
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Freedom of residence authorized for Jews in Sopron
After the town's gates were closed to Jews for centuries, a law authorized their freedom of residence.
- By
- Hungarian government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Sopron (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Humiliating parts of the Jewish oath repealed in Dresden
The more degrading portions of the Jewish oath were repealed.
- By
- Saxon authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dresden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Law of 1840 grants Jews unrestricted entry to free cities
A Hungarian law lifted restrictions on Jewish entry into free cities, enabling the Jewish population of Oedenburg to grow.
- By
- Hungarian government
- Where
- Hungary
2 sources
About this entry
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Reichstag grants Jews further privileges
The Reichstag allowed Jews to live anywhere, build factories, engage in trade and the arts and sciences, and buy real estate where custom had allowed it, though the toleration tax stayed.
- By
- Reichstag
- Where
- Croatia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Croatia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Release of Damascus prisoners and declaration of innocence
After mediation by Crémieux, Munk and Montefiore, Mohammed Ali released the surviving Jewish prisoners and recognized their innocence; the sultan then issued a firman declaring the ritual murder accusation absurd.
- By
- Mohammed Ali and Sultan Abdul Majid
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Damascus affair (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Residence restrictions on Jews abrogated in Pest
The national assembly of 1840 abolished restrictions on Jewish residence and gave Jews rights to establish factories, trade and acquire property.
- By
- Hungarian national assembly
- Where
- Budapest (Pest), Hungary
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Sultan's firman extends Tanzimat rights to Jews
After the Damascus and Rhodes blood libels, the sultan issued a firman declaring that the rights granted to all Ottoman subjects in the 1839 decree also applied to Jews. It was regarded as a kind of bill of rights for them.
- By
- Ottoman Sultan
- Where
- Jerusalem
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Jerusalem (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Sultan's firman voids ritual murder accusations
After intervention by Jewish leaders abroad, the sultan issued a firman declaring all ritual murder accusations null and void.
- By
- Ottoman Sultan
- Where
- Rhodes, Dodecanese, Greece
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Rhodes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Toleration-tax on Jews abolished under Ferdinand V
King Ferdinand V abrogated the toleration-tax that had stigmatized Jews for about a century.
- By
- King Ferdinand V
- Where
- Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Tanzimat reforms assure equality before the law
Ottoman reform programs assured non-Turks, including Jews, equality before the law.
- By
- Ottoman Empire
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Sarajevo (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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The development of Orthodox Judaism, a set of traditionalist movements that resisted the influences of modernization that arose in response to the European emancipation and Enlightenment movements; characterized by continued strict adherence to Halakha.
- By
- Unknown
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from Portugal lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Portugal (1497) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Portugal
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Spain (31 March 1492) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Spain
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms