Expulsion2
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Jews forced to leave Belgrade after rebellion
Jews who had returned to Belgrade were forced to leave again when an abortive rebellion broke out.
- By
- Turkish authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Belgrade (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
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Expulsion of poorer Jews under Davoust
During Davoust's harsh rule in the winter the Jewish community suffered through the expulsion of its poorer members.
- By
- Davoust (French occupation)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hamburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
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Massacre / pogrom5
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Jaminah and her sons burned alive in Algiers
The dey of Algiers had Jaminah and her sons Joseph and Saadia burned alive for alleged participation in Bey Mohammed's rebellion against the central government.
- By
- Dey of Algiers
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Oran (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Molestation of Serbian Jews by Orthodox Serbs (1813)
Amid general unrest, Orthodox Serbs again harassed the Jews of Serbia.
- By
- Orthodox Servians
- Where
- Serbia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Serbia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Persecution of Crypto-Jews of Covilhã during the civil wars
During Portugal's civil wars, the clergy persecuted Covilhã's Crypto-Jews, suspecting them of supporting the liberal side.
- By
- Portuguese clergy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Covilhã (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Nomad raids on the Jewish quarter of Ispahan under Fath Ali Shah
During Fath Ali Shah's reign, Illiat nomads repeatedly attacked the Jewish quarter, assaulting women, killing men, and looting and wrecking homes.
- By
- Illiats (Persian nomads)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Isfahan (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law22
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Bavarian edict and Matrikel law restricting Jews
The edict of June 10, 1813 made Jews citizens in duties but not in rights. Its registration law limited the number of Jewish families and restricted freedom of residence and occupation.
- By
- Bavarian government
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Bavarian order to incorporate Jewish community into the township
Bavarian authorities ordered the Jewish community to merge with the township.
- By
- Bavarian rule
- Where
- Hohenems, Vorarlberg, Austria
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Hohenems (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Fines for renting dwellings to Jews in Oedenburg
Law penalized anyone renting a house or storeroom to a Jew for a long term with a fine, and with loss of citizenship rights for repeat offense.
- By
- City of Oedenburg
- Where
- Sopron (Oedenburg), Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Sopron (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Restriction of Jewish house purchases to a tiny area in Szeged
Jews were allowed to buy houses only within an extremely small area of the town.
- By
- Szeged authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Kasher-meat tax made permanent in Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw government enacted a law making the tax Jews paid on kasher meat a permanent part of state revenue.
- By
- Duchy of Warsaw government
- Where
- Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Kraków (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Caradja revives restrictions on Jews
To extract money, Prince Caradja renewed bans on Jews employing Christian minors and on renting or buying shops near churches.
- By
- Prince Jean Caradja
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's "infamous decree" restricts Jewish rights in Duchy of Warsaw
Jewish rights were restricted for ten years under Napoleon's decree, and Warsaw Jewry was burdened with heavy taxes.
- By
- Napoleon / Duchy of Warsaw
- Where
- Duchy of Warsaw, Poland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Warsaw (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed ban on Jews keeping Christian domestics
The old prohibition on Jews employing Christian servants was repeatedly renewed.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Bans on Jewish trade in church goods
Repeated orders forbade Jews from dealing in ecclesiastical furniture, crucifixes and vestments.
- By
- Francis II
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Church-based restrictions on Jewish music and Purim balls
Jews were forbidden music during Advent, and Christians were barred from dancing at Jewish Purim balls.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Double taxation of Russian Jews, then special Jewish taxes
Jews had to pay double taxes for over two decades. When these were abolished, special Jewish taxes took their place.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews barred from the druggist business
Jews were prohibited from working as druggists, first in West Galicia and later across the whole province.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleonic decree requiring Jews to hold good-character certificates for trade
Napoleon's decree of 1808 required Jews to have certificates of good character before engaging in trade; the rule stayed in force until 1847.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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Poll-tax on Jews entering Galicia from Poland
A special poll-tax was imposed on Jews coming from the kingdom of Poland, and it remained in force until an imperial edict abolished it in 1851.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed heavy taxation under Francis I
During Francis I's reign the Jews suffered more troubles and were again heavily taxed.
- By
- Francis I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Religion examination required for Jewish marriage
Jews wishing to marry had to pass a religion examination based on Homberg's textbook, a rule kept until 1856.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Boundary restricting Jewish house ownership in Szegedin
A boundary line was drawn beyond which Jews could not acquire houses; the ordinance remained in force until it was repealed in 1859.
- By
- Szegedin authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on Jewish residence in the duchy of Gotha
Before 1848 Jews were not allowed to live in the duchy of Gotha and could trade there only under restrictions.
- By
- Duchy of Gotha
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Gotha (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Finnish restrictions on Jewish residence, movement and occupations
Finnish authorities imposed restrictions on Jewish residents, limiting where they could live, their movement and their occupations. They required permits renewed every three months and allowed expulsion for any violation.
- By
- Finnish authorities
- Where
- Finland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Finland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on shehitah under the kingdom of Saxony
The Saxon kingdom prohibited Jewish ritual slaughter, affecting the Chemnitz community until the end of 1918.
- By
- Kingdom of Saxony
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Chemnitz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization1
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)3
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Jews blamed for spreading the plague
Caradja used a plague outbreak as a pretext to accuse the Jews of filth and of spreading the disease, and measures taken crippled their business.
- By
- Prince Jean Caradja
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Blood libel cases in the Pale of Settlement
Several blood libel accusations were brought against Jews in the Pale of Settlement. Each investigation ended by showing the charge was false.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Blood Libel (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Destruction2
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Devastation of the Langfuhr Jewish cemetery
Russian troops wrecked the Jewish cemetery at Langfuhr so thoroughly that no tombstone remained in place.
- By
- Russian troops
- Where
- Gdańsk (Danzig), Pomerania, Poland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Gdańsk (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews killed and synagogue destroyed during Serbian revolt
During the Serbian uprising against the Turks, many Jews were killed, others lost their property, and the synagogue was destroyed.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Belgrade (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation16
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Bavarian king grants Jews almost full citizenship rights
The King of Bavaria granted Salzburg's Jews almost all the rights of citizenship.
- By
- King of Bavaria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Salzburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Constitution granting Jews citizenship
Duke Frederick Francis I issued a constitution declaring Jewish subjects and their families to be citizens of Mecklenburg.
- By
- Duke Frederick Francis I
- Where
- Mecklenburg, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Jews of Sloka allowed to settle in Riga
The Jews of Sloka were granted the right to settle in Riga.
- By
- Russian authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Riga (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Judenmatrikel replaces letter of protection in Bamberg
The Jews' registration (Judenmatrikel) replaced the letter of protection, easing their legal status.
- By
- Bavarian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bamberg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Promise of civic liberty to Bavarian Jews
The Bavarian government promised civic liberty to the Jews in 1813, boosting the growth of the Munich community.
- By
- Bavarian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Munich (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equal rights for Jews under French rule in Dortmund
Under French rule the Jews of Dortmund gained equal rights.
- By
- French rule
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equality granted under Westphalian rule
Under the Westphalian government the Jews of the Hildesheim diocese enjoyed full liberty and equality with other inhabitants.
- By
- Kingdom of Westphalia
- Where
- Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Full citizenship for Jews under renewed French rule of Corfu
During the second period of French rule the Jews of Corfu again had full citizenship rights.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Corfu (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Dortmund Jews enjoy French citizenship rights
For roughly the first fifteen years of the nineteenth century, Dortmund's Jews held the rights of French citizens.
- By
- French rule
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Equal citizenship rights under French rule
After Geneva was annexed by France following the Revolution, Jews had equal rights of citizenship until 1814.
- By
- France
- Where
- Geneva, Switzerland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Geneva (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Abolition of the Split ghetto
The ghetto in Split was abolished by the Napoleonic regime.
- By
- Napoleonic regime
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Split (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Temporary emancipation under French influence
Alessandria's Jews, along with other Italian Jews, enjoyed temporary civic emancipation during the period of French influence.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alessandria (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Emancipation of Jews under French rule in Nice
The temporary reunion of Nice with France brought emancipation to the Jews.
- By
- France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jews of Mainz become free French citizens
Under French rule from 1792 to 1814, the Jews of Mainz were free citizens of France.
- By
- French Republic
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Expulsion of Jews from Portugal lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Portugal (1497) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Portugal
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Spain (31 March 1492) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Spain
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms