Massacre / pogrom4
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Execution of Jewish community head David Bacri
The dey had the Jewish community leader David Bacri beheaded, and later the same year executed his successor David Duran.
- By
- The dey of Algiers
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Algiers (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Persecution of Crypto-Jews of Covilhã during the civil wars
During Portugal's civil wars, the clergy persecuted Covilhã's Crypto-Jews, suspecting them of supporting the liberal side.
- By
- Portuguese clergy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Covilhã (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Nomad raids on the Jewish quarter of Ispahan under Fath Ali Shah
During Fath Ali Shah's reign, Illiat nomads repeatedly attacked the Jewish quarter, assaulting women, killing men, and looting and wrecking homes.
- By
- Illiats (Persian nomads)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Isfahan (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
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Discriminatory law17
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Kasher-meat tax made permanent in Duchy of Warsaw
The Duchy of Warsaw government enacted a law making the tax Jews paid on kasher meat a permanent part of state revenue.
- By
- Duchy of Warsaw government
- Where
- Kraków, Lesser Poland, Poland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Kraków (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on working on Christian festivals
During the Russian occupation Jews were forbidden to open shops or even work at home on Christian holidays.
- By
- Russian occupation authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's "infamous decree" restricts Jewish rights in Duchy of Warsaw
Jewish rights were restricted for ten years under Napoleon's decree, and Warsaw Jewry was burdened with heavy taxes.
- By
- Napoleon / Duchy of Warsaw
- Where
- Duchy of Warsaw, Poland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Warsaw (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed ban on Jews keeping Christian domestics
The old prohibition on Jews employing Christian servants was repeatedly renewed.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Bans on Jewish trade in church goods
Repeated orders forbade Jews from dealing in ecclesiastical furniture, crucifixes and vestments.
- By
- Francis II
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Church-based restrictions on Jewish music and Purim balls
Jews were forbidden music during Advent, and Christians were barred from dancing at Jewish Purim balls.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Double taxation of Russian Jews, then special Jewish taxes
Jews had to pay double taxes for over two decades. When these were abolished, special Jewish taxes took their place.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews barred from the druggist business
Jews were prohibited from working as druggists, first in West Galicia and later across the whole province.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleonic decree requiring Jews to hold good-character certificates for trade
Napoleon's decree of 1808 required Jews to have certificates of good character before engaging in trade; the rule stayed in force until 1847.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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Poll-tax on Jews entering Galicia from Poland
A special poll-tax was imposed on Jews coming from the kingdom of Poland, and it remained in force until an imperial edict abolished it in 1851.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed heavy taxation under Francis I
During Francis I's reign the Jews suffered more troubles and were again heavily taxed.
- By
- Francis I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Religion examination required for Jewish marriage
Jews wishing to marry had to pass a religion examination based on Homberg's textbook, a rule kept until 1856.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on Jewish residence in the duchy of Gotha
Before 1848 Jews were not allowed to live in the duchy of Gotha and could trade there only under restrictions.
- By
- Duchy of Gotha
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Gotha (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Finnish restrictions on Jewish residence, movement and occupations
Finnish authorities imposed restrictions on Jewish residents, limiting where they could live, their movement and their occupations. They required permits renewed every three months and allowed expulsion for any violation.
- By
- Finnish authorities
- Where
- Finland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Finland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on shehitah under the kingdom of Saxony
The Saxon kingdom prohibited Jewish ritual slaughter, affecting the Chemnitz community until the end of 1918.
- By
- Kingdom of Saxony
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization1
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)2
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Blood libel cases in the Pale of Settlement
Several blood libel accusations were brought against Jews in the Pale of Settlement. Each investigation ended by showing the charge was false.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Blood Libel (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Destruction1
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Jews killed and synagogue destroyed during Serbian revolt
During the Serbian uprising against the Turks, many Jews were killed, others lost their property, and the synagogue was destroyed.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Belgrade (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation16
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Abolition of the daily ticket system
The daily ticket system limiting Jewish stay in Warsaw was abolished.
- By
- Duchy of Warsaw government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Warsaw (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discrimination ended under French annexation of Lübeck
When Lübeck was annexed to France, discriminatory measures ceased and the special taxes on protected Jews were abolished.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Lübeck (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Prince-primate grants Frankfurt Jews full civic equality
The prince-primate gave the Jews of Frankfurt full equality as citizens.
- By
- Prince-primate
2 sources
About this entry
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Special Jew-tax abolished in Westphalia
The kingdom of Westphalia, which included Halberstadt, abolished the special tax on Jews.
- By
- Kingdom of Westphalia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Halberstadt (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon forces Hamburg Jews to leave Three Communities; equality granted
Under French rule Napoleon ordered the Hamburg Jews to form a new community separate from the Three Communities, and old restrictions were abolished with full legal equality.
- By
- Napoleon
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hamburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equal rights for Jews under French rule in Dortmund
Under French rule the Jews of Dortmund gained equal rights.
- By
- French rule
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equality granted under Westphalian rule
Under the Westphalian government the Jews of the Hildesheim diocese enjoyed full liberty and equality with other inhabitants.
- By
- Kingdom of Westphalia
- Where
- Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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Full citizenship for Jews under renewed French rule of Corfu
During the second period of French rule the Jews of Corfu again had full citizenship rights.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Corfu (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Dortmund Jews enjoy French citizenship rights
For roughly the first fifteen years of the nineteenth century, Dortmund's Jews held the rights of French citizens.
- By
- French rule
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equal citizenship rights under French rule
After Geneva was annexed by France following the Revolution, Jews had equal rights of citizenship until 1814.
- By
- France
- Where
- Geneva, Switzerland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Geneva (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Abolition of the Split ghetto
The ghetto in Split was abolished by the Napoleonic regime.
- By
- Napoleonic regime
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Temporary emancipation under French influence
Alessandria's Jews, along with other Italian Jews, enjoyed temporary civic emancipation during the period of French influence.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
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Emancipation of Jews under French rule in Nice
The temporary reunion of Nice with France brought emancipation to the Jews.
- By
- France
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Jews of Mainz become free French citizens
Under French rule from 1792 to 1814, the Jews of Mainz were free citizens of France.
- By
- French Republic
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Expulsion of Jews from Portugal lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Portugal (1497) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Portugal
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Spain (31 March 1492) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Spain
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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