Expulsion1
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Ukase of 1807 ordering gradual removal of Jews from villages
A ukase ordered the gradual removal of Jews from the villages over three years. Expulsions resumed and caused great suffering until the decree was repealed in 1809.
- By
- Russian emperor Alexander I
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Massacre / pogrom3
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Persecution of Crypto-Jews of Covilhã during the civil wars
During Portugal's civil wars, the clergy persecuted Covilhã's Crypto-Jews, suspecting them of supporting the liberal side.
- By
- Portuguese clergy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Covilhã (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Nomad raids on the Jewish quarter of Ispahan under Fath Ali Shah
During Fath Ali Shah's reign, Illiat nomads repeatedly attacked the Jewish quarter, assaulting women, killing men, and looting and wrecking homes.
- By
- Illiats (Persian nomads)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Isfahan (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law20
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Attempt to expel Jewish member from North Carolina Assembly
An effort was made to remove a member of the North Carolina General Assembly from his seat because he was Jewish.
- By
- North Carolina General Assembly
- Where
- North Carolina, United States
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Americas (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Decree forbidding foreign Jews to settle in Pesth
A harsh decree barred foreign Jews from settling in Pesth even through marriage, and limited inherited toleration rights to one son per family.
- By
- Authorities of Pesth
- Where
- Budapest (Pest), Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews of Bonn compelled to take surnames
Jews were required to adopt personal names and surnames.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bonn (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's "infamous decree"
Napoleon's edict of 17 March 1808 deferred debts owed to Jews, required special authorization for Jewish trade and restricted army-draft replacements. It was applied in practice only in Alsace and Lorraine.
- By
- Napoleon I
- Where
- Alsace-Lorraine, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alsace (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's "infamous decree" restricting Jewish trade
Napoleon issued a decree limiting Jewish trade and commerce and freedom of movement, a major setback to emancipation in French-dominated areas.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- French Empire (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Germany (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's restrictive measures against Jews
Napoleon issued several restrictive measures concerning Jews, though the Jews of Bordeaux were specifically exempted.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- France
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Schutzgeld raised to compensate for Leibzoll abolition
After the body tax was abolished, the authorities increased the protection money charged to Jews to make up the lost revenue.
- By
- Nassau authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nassau (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on working on Christian festivals
During the Russian occupation Jews were forbidden to open shops or even work at home on Christian holidays.
- By
- Russian occupation authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleon's "infamous decree" restricts Jewish rights in Duchy of Warsaw
Jewish rights were restricted for ten years under Napoleon's decree, and Warsaw Jewry was burdened with heavy taxes.
- By
- Napoleon / Duchy of Warsaw
- Where
- Duchy of Warsaw, Poland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Warsaw (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed ban on Jews keeping Christian domestics
The old prohibition on Jews employing Christian servants was repeatedly renewed.
- By
- Austrian government under Francis II
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Bans on Jewish trade in church goods
Repeated orders forbade Jews from dealing in ecclesiastical furniture, crucifixes and vestments.
- By
- Francis II
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Church-based restrictions on Jewish music and Purim balls
Jews were forbidden music during Advent, and Christians were barred from dancing at Jewish Purim balls.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Austria
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Austrian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Double taxation of Russian Jews, then special Jewish taxes
Jews had to pay double taxes for over two decades. When these were abolished, special Jewish taxes took their place.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews barred from the druggist business
Jews were prohibited from working as druggists, first in West Galicia and later across the whole province.
- By
- Austrian government
- Where
- Galicia (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Galicia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Napoleonic decree requiring Jews to hold good-character certificates for trade
Napoleon's decree of 1808 required Jews to have certificates of good character before engaging in trade; the rule stayed in force until 1847.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Renewed heavy taxation under Francis I
During Francis I's reign the Jews suffered more troubles and were again heavily taxed.
- By
- Francis I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on Jewish residence in the duchy of Gotha
Before 1848 Jews were not allowed to live in the duchy of Gotha and could trade there only under restrictions.
- By
- Duchy of Gotha
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Gotha (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ban on shehitah under the kingdom of Saxony
The Saxon kingdom prohibited Jewish ritual slaughter, affecting the Chemnitz community until the end of 1918.
- By
- Kingdom of Saxony
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Chemnitz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Pale of Settlement”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Ghettoization4
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Jews freed from Florence ghetto, forced back in 1815
Napoleon's rule released the Jews from the Florence ghetto, but they had to go back in 1815 when the House of Lorraine was restored.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline of Jewish History in Italy (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary in Jistory's own words of facts from the Jewish Virtual Library, written with AI assistance. Not individually reviewed; the linked page is the authority. How entries are made
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Jews of Tetuán, Rabat, Salé and Mogador enclosed in mellahs
Sultan Mulay Suleiman ordered ghettos set up in the wealthiest communities, and the Jews of four towns were for the first time confined to mellahs.
- By
- Mulay Suleiman
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Morocco (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews evicted from private houses in Liberec
Jews were officially removed from private houses and assigned to special inns, in 1799 and again in 1810.
- By
- Authorities
- Where
- Liberec, Bohemia, Czech Republic
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Liberec (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)2
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Blood libel cases in the Pale of Settlement
Several blood libel accusations were brought against Jews in the Pale of Settlement. Each investigation ended by showing the charge was false.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Blood Libel (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Destruction1
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Jews killed and synagogue destroyed during Serbian revolt
During the Serbian uprising against the Turks, many Jews were killed, others lost their property, and the synagogue was destroyed.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Belgrade (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation20
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Equal citizenship granted to Jews of East Friesland
Louis Bonaparte, ruler of the kingdom of Holland, freed the Jews from their restrictions and gave them the same rights as French Jews, including equal citizenship.
- By
- Louis Bonaparte
- Where
- Emden, East Frisia, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Emden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Final abolition of the Leibzoll in Nassau
The body tax on Jews was permanently abolished, though authorities compensated by raising the protection money Jews paid.
- By
- Nassau authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nassau (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Full citizenship granted to Jews by Westphalian government
A royal decree gave Jews full citizenship and abolished the body-tax, protection money and other extra taxes.
- By
- Westphalian government
- Where
- Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Halle (Saale) (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Full civil liberty granted to Jews in Baden
An edict granted the Jews of Heidelberg full civil liberty.
- By
- Government of Baden
- Where
- Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Heidelberg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jerome Bonaparte emancipates the Jews of Westphalia
King Jerome Bonaparte's decree fully emancipated the Jews in the former electorate, now part of the kingdom of Westphalia, and gave them a consistorial constitution.
- By
- King Jerome Bonaparte
- Where
- Hesse-Cassel, Germany
4 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Jewish poll-tax abolished in Bavaria
The special poll-tax levied on Jews was abolished.
- By
- Bavarian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bavaria (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews of Hanover receive civil rights
Through annexation to France or incorporation into the Kingdom of Westphalia, Hanover's Jews were granted civil rights.
- By
- France / Kingdom of Westphalia
- Where
- Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Hanover (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Paris Jews exempted from the 1808 decrees
At the request of the minister of the interior, the Jews of Paris were exempted from the provisions of the restrictive decrees of March 12 and April 26, 1808.
- By
- French imperial government
- Where
- Paris, Île-de-France, France
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Paris (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frederick I begins emancipation of Württemberg Jews
King Frederick I abolished the body-tax, admitted Jews into the army, included them in general taxation and opened all trades to them.
- By
- King Frederick I of Württemberg
- Where
- Württemberg, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Equal rights for Jews under French rule in Dortmund
Under French rule the Jews of Dortmund gained equal rights.
- By
- French rule
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equality granted under Westphalian rule
Under the Westphalian government the Jews of the Hildesheim diocese enjoyed full liberty and equality with other inhabitants.
- By
- Kingdom of Westphalia
- Where
- Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Full citizenship for Jews under renewed French rule of Corfu
During the second period of French rule the Jews of Corfu again had full citizenship rights.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Corfu (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Dortmund Jews enjoy French citizenship rights
For roughly the first fifteen years of the nineteenth century, Dortmund's Jews held the rights of French citizens.
- By
- French rule
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Dortmund (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equal citizenship rights under French rule
After Geneva was annexed by France following the Revolution, Jews had equal rights of citizenship until 1814.
- By
- France
- Where
- Geneva, Switzerland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Geneva (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Abolition of the Split ghetto
The ghetto in Split was abolished by the Napoleonic regime.
- By
- Napoleonic regime
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Split (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Temporary emancipation under French influence
Alessandria's Jews, along with other Italian Jews, enjoyed temporary civic emancipation during the period of French influence.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alessandria (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Emancipation of Jews under French rule in Nice
The temporary reunion of Nice with France brought emancipation to the Jews.
- By
- France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jews of Mainz become free French citizens
Under French rule from 1792 to 1814, the Jews of Mainz were free citizens of France.
- By
- French Republic
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Expulsion of Jews from Portugal lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Portugal (1497) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Portugal
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Expulsion of Jews from Spain lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from Spain (31 March 1492) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Spain
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms