Expulsion1
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Jewish "revolutionaries" banished from Mantua
After the Austrians retook Mantua, several Jews accused of being revolutionaries were banished.
- By
- Austrian authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
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Massacre / pogrom7
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Mob fury against Jews on Austrian entry into Ferrara
When Austrian troops entered the city, the populace turned on the Jews, who needed soldiers' protection and stayed in the ghetto for a week.
- By
- Local populace
- Where
- Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Ferrara (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Violence against Jews in Safed
Mob violence on Jews in Safed.
- By
- Local mob
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Anti-Jewish harassment in Verona after Austrian restoration
After Austrian rule returned, priests stirred up hatred and Jews suffered insults and injuries, which continued despite a proclamation until a second one in 1799.
- By
- Christian population incited by priests
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Verona (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Nomad raids on the Jewish quarter of Ispahan under Fath Ali Shah
During Fath Ali Shah's reign, Illiat nomads repeatedly attacked the Jewish quarter, assaulting women, killing men, and looting and wrecking homes.
- By
- Illiats (Persian nomads)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Isfahan (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Guild attacks on Jewish moneylenders in Torun
In the latter half of the 18th century, members of the guilds attacked some Jews who lent money at interest to craftsmen together with guildmasters.
- By
- Guild members
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Toruń (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Haidamak massacres of Jews in Bershad
In the 18th century Haidamak gangs killed Jews of Bershad.
- By
- Haidamak gangs
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bershad (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law16
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Austro-Russian-Piedmontese government tightens rules on Jews
The provisional government demanded stricter observance of regulations from the Jews and imposed heavy penalties on the community for slight infractions.
- By
- Provisional Austro-Russian-Piedmontese government
2 sources
About this entry
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Double tax imposed on Jewish burghers and merchants in Courland
Jews could be listed among the burghers and merchants of Courland only if they paid twice the tax levied on Christians.
- By
- Russian government under Emperor Paul
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Courland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Fine and restoration of old laws after Austrian return
The Jewish community was fined 5,000 scudi and the ancient anti-Jewish laws were enforced again.
- By
- Austrian authorities
- Where
- Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Ferrara (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jewish settlement in Bauska permitted but restricted to a suburb
A special law allowed Jews to settle in Bauska, but at first limited their residence to a suburb on the bank of the river Aa. The restriction was lifted in the 1820s.
- By
- Russian government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bauska (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews restored to former restricted status in Piedmont
After the French Revolution brought hopes of improvement, the Austro-Russian provisional government restored the Jews to their earlier status.
- By
- Austro-Russian provisional government of Piedmont
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Vercelli (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Restored regimes abolish Jewish liberties
When the old regimes returned in 1799, the freedoms Jews had gained under the French were revoked.
- By
- Restored Italian regimes
- Where
- Italy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Italy (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Censorship of Jewish books established in Riga
Under Paul I a special censorship of Jewish books was set up, centered in Riga, with censors who reported on condemned books.
- By
- Russian government under Paul I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Protection of Jews repealed under Frederick William
Duke and elector Frederick William revoked the protection previously granted to Jews and imposed commercial and industrial obstacles.
- By
- Frederick William, duke and elector
- Where
- Stuttgart, Württemberg, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Stuttgart (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Authorities obstruct construction of Szeged synagogue
Because of opposition from the authorities, the synagogue planned for 1789 could not be built until 1803.
- By
- Local authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Double taxation of Russian Jews, then special Jewish taxes
Jews had to pay double taxes for over two decades. When these were abolished, special Jewish taxes took their place.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed heavy taxation under Francis I
During Francis I's reign the Jews suffered more troubles and were again heavily taxed.
- By
- Francis I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Strict regulations and residence limits on Dresden Jews
In the 18th century Jews in Dresden lived under strict regulations and had limited residence rights.
- By
- Saxon authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dresden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Two-family limit on Jews in Soest continues in the 18th century
Throughout the 18th century the number of Jewish families permitted in Soest stayed restricted to two.
- By
- Authorities of Soest
- Where
- Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Soest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews denied free access to Besançon
From the late 17th to the late 18th century Jews were barred from entering the city freely, with only a few temporary residence permits granted to some merchants.
- By
- Authorities of Besançon
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization3
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Italian Jews forced back into ghettos
When Italy's former rulers were restored, Jews were once more confined to ghettos and the old restrictions were reinstated.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- Italy
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline of Jewish History in Italy (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews evicted from private houses in Liberec
Jews were officially removed from private houses and assigned to special inns, in 1799 and again in 1810.
- By
- Authorities
- Where
- Liberec, Bohemia, Czech Republic
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Liberec (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)5
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Blood libel investigated in White Russia
A White-Russian court investigated a ritual blood accusation against Jews, and Derzhavin urged that Jewish testimony be rejected, but Paul I declined.
- By
- White-Russian court
- Where
- Belarus
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Senno blood-libel arrests
After a woman's body was found near a Jewish tavern, four Jews were arrested on the popular belief that Jews need Christian blood. This was the first blood-libel case in Russia, and they were released for lack of evidence.
- By
- Russian authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Blood Libel (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Imprisonment of Shneur Zalman of Lyady in St. Petersburg
The Chabad leader Shneur Zalman of Lyady was imprisoned in St. Petersburg during 1798 and again in 1800–01.
- By
- Russian authorities
- Where
- Saint Petersburg, Russia
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Saint Petersburg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Ritual murder accusation against Jews of Smyrna (late 18th century)
Jews of Smyrna were accused of ritual murder in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The accusation was refuted.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- İzmir (Smyrna), Turkey
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): İzmir (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Destruction1
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Napoleon fines Jews and orders synagogue destroyed in Alexandria
During the French conquest at the end of the 18th century, Napoleon imposed heavy fines on Alexandria's Jews and ordered the ancient Elijah synagogue destroyed.
- By
- Napoleon
- Where
- Alexandria, Egypt
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alexandria (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation15
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Emancipation of Florentine Jews by the French
The entry of the French Revolutionary army brought full emancipation to the Jews of Florence.
- By
- French Revolutionary army
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-
Jews permitted to settle in Liepaja
Jews were granted permission to live in the port city of Liepaja in Courland.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Liepāja (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Law granting citizenship and residence rights to Jews of Courland
Russia enacted a law making the Jews of Courland citizens with rights to reside, form communities, and engage in commerce and crafts.
- By
- Russian Empire
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Courland (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Napoleonic decrees abolish the ghetto
Napoleon's decrees of December 1798 and February 1799 ended the ghetto system in Asti.
- By
- Napoleon / French authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Asti (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Full citizenship for Jews under French rule of Corfu
During the first period of French rule the Jews of Corfu enjoyed full rights of citizenship.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Corfu, Ionian Islands, Greece
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Russia permits Jews to reside in Courland
After annexing Courland, the Russian government resolved that Jews could live there, practise their trades, form kahals, build synagogues and be free from serfdom. Emperor Paul confirmed the resolutions in 1799.
- By
- Russian government under Emperor Paul
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Citizenship and municipal rights granted to Jews of Courland
During his reign Paul I gave the Jews of Courland citizenship and municipal rights, which they had previously been denied.
- By
- Paul I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Ludwig X abolishes Leibzoll and permits Jews to own land
Under Ludwig X the body-toll was abolished and Jews were allowed to acquire real estate, paving the way for emancipation.
- By
- Ludwig X, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Where
- Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hesse (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Equal citizenship rights under French rule
After Geneva was annexed by France following the Revolution, Jews had equal rights of citizenship until 1814.
- By
- France
- Where
- Geneva, Switzerland
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Geneva (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jewish community of Besançon reestablished after the Revolution
Following the French Revolution, Jews were able to settle again in Besançon and the community was reconstituted, reaching 20 families by 1807.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
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-
Abolition of the Split ghetto
The ghetto in Split was abolished by the Napoleonic regime.
- By
- Napoleonic regime
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Temporary emancipation under French influence
Alessandria's Jews, along with other Italian Jews, enjoyed temporary civic emancipation during the period of French influence.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
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-
Emancipation of Jews under French rule in Nice
The temporary reunion of Nice with France brought emancipation to the Jews.
- By
- France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Nice (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jews of Mainz become free French citizens
Under French rule from 1792 to 1814, the Jews of Mainz were free citizens of France.
- By
- French Republic
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Expulsion of Jews from France lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from France (1394) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- France
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms