Expulsion2
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The tzarina of Russia Catherine the Great institutes the Pale of Settlement, restricting Jews to the western parts of the empire by means of deportation.
- By
- Unknown
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Expulsion of the Jews of the Fez mellah
Moulay Yazid expelled the inhabitants of the mellah of Fez.
- By
- Moulay Yazid
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Fez (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Massacre / pogrom3
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Guild attacks on Jewish moneylenders in Torun
In the latter half of the 18th century, members of the guilds attacked some Jews who lent money at interest to craftsmen together with guildmasters.
- By
- Guild members
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Toruń (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Haidamak massacres of Jews in Bershad
In the 18th century Haidamak gangs killed Jews of Bershad.
- By
- Haidamak gangs
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bershad (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law14
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Crimea included in the Pale of Settlement
After Russia annexed Crimea, it was made part of the Pale of Settlement, which confined Jewish residence to designated territories.
- By
- Russian Empire
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Crimea (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Decree barring Jewish merchants from settling in inner Russia
A royal decree prohibited Jewish merchants from settling in the interior districts of Russia, though temporary stays in Moscow for trade were still allowed.
- By
- Russian crown
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Establishment of the Pale of Settlement
Catherine II barred the Jews of White Russia from joining merchant or artisan guilds outside White Russia, which began the Pale of Settlement.
- By
- Catherine II / Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Jews imprisoned at Issenheim over ox tongues
The mayor of Issenheim jailed Jews under his authority who failed to hand over the tongues of the oxen they slaughtered.
- By
- Mayor of Issenheim
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Alsace (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Smolensk region excluded from Pale; Jewish residence prohibited
When the Pale of Settlement was created, Smolensk was left outside it, and Jews were officially barred from living in the region until the Pale was abolished.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Smolensk region, Russia
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Smolensk (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews barred from the Moscow merchant guild
After Moscow merchants lobbied against Jewish competition, an imperial council decision and a ukase forbade Jews from registering in the Moscow merchant guild.
- By
- Imperial council and Catherine II
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Collectentaxe levied on Jews entering Vienna
Under Leopold II a toll was imposed on every Jew who went to Vienna.
- By
- Emperor Leopold II
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Vienna (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Authorities obstruct construction of Szeged synagogue
Because of opposition from the authorities, the synagogue planned for 1789 could not be built until 1803.
- By
- Local authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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"Lebendiges Geleite" escort and toll system for Jewish visitors
Jews allowed into Nuremberg had to report to the guard, were accompanied by an escort, were taxed on their purchases, and were barred from the market at midday.
- By
- Nuremberg authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Nuremberg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Strict regulations and residence limits on Dresden Jews
In the 18th century Jews in Dresden lived under strict regulations and had limited residence rights.
- By
- Saxon authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dresden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Two-family limit on Jews in Soest continues in the 18th century
Throughout the 18th century the number of Jewish families permitted in Soest stayed restricted to two.
- By
- Authorities of Soest
- Where
- Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Soest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews denied free access to Besançon
From the late 17th to the late 18th century Jews were barred from entering the city freely, with only a few temporary residence permits granted to some merchants.
- By
- Authorities of Besançon
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Pale of Settlement”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Ghettoization2
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Ghetto established in Poland
Russia creates the Pale of Settlement that includes land acquired from Poland with a huge Jewish population and in the same year Crimea. The Jewish population of the Pale was 750,000.
- By
- Russia
- Where
- Poland
Wikipedia: Timeline of Jewish history (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Timeline of Jewish history”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
False accusation (libel)2
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Ritual murder accusation against Jews of Smyrna (late 18th century)
Jews of Smyrna were accused of ritual murder in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The accusation was refuted.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- İzmir (Smyrna), Turkey
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): İzmir (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Readmission / emancipation13
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Decree permitting Jews to live undisturbed
After the Jews of Cirkvena complained of intolerance, a decree allowed Jews to live wherever they chose and confirmed their status under the edict of toleration.
- By
- Habsburg authorities
- Where
- Varaždin (Warasdin), Croatia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Croatia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Diet enacts the law "De Judæis"
The Hungarian Diet passed a law protecting the Jews and confirming their rights, with their affairs to be regulated later.
- By
- Hungarian Diet and King Leopold II
- Where
- Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hungary (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Emancipation of the Jews of France
The French National Assembly granted full citizenship to all Jews in France, making it the first European country to emancipate its Jews.
- By
- National Constituent Assembly (France)
- Where
- France
CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)6 sources
- Wikipedia: Jewish emancipation (opens in a new tab)
- Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Alsace (opens in a new tab)
- Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Paris (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Alsace (opens in a new tab)
- Encyclopaedia Judaica: Badge Jewish (opens in a new tab)
About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Jewish emancipation”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
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France grants Jews full citizenship
The Jews of France received full citizenship, a first since Roman imperial times.
- By
- French Jews
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline for the History of Judaism (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary in Jistory's own words of facts from the Jewish Virtual Library, written with AI assistance. Not individually reviewed; the linked page is the authority. How entries are made
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Itzig family granted full civic rights
The Itzig family received full civic rights, the first German Jews to obtain them.
- By
- Prussian king
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Berlin (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews of Avignon granted full civil rights
With Avignon's union with France, its Jews received full civil rights.
- By
- French revolutionary government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Avignon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Citizenship rights granted to Jews by the National Assembly
The National Assembly granted Jews citizenship rights, after which many Jews settled in Strasbourg.
- By
- French National Assembly
- Where
- Strasbourg, Alsace, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Strasbourg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Equal civic rights granted to Jews
Laws passed in 1790 and 1791 granted Jews equal civic rights with other citizens.
- By
- French revolutionary government
- Where
- Luxembourg
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Luxembourg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Special taxes repealed under Leopold II
Leopold II made the Tolleranza Generale permanent and repealed all special taxes on the Jewish community.
- By
- Leopold II
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Easing of restrictions on Bavarian Jews
Financial pressures led the government to improve Jewish status: propertied Jews could settle, the Leibzoll was repealed, and only a commerce patent tax remained.
- By
- Bavarian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Munich (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Ludwig X abolishes Leibzoll and permits Jews to own land
Under Ludwig X the body-toll was abolished and Jews were allowed to acquire real estate, paving the way for emancipation.
- By
- Ludwig X, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Where
- Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hesse (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jewish community of Besançon reestablished after the Revolution
Following the French Revolution, Jews were able to settle again in Besançon and the community was reconstituted, reaching 20 families by 1807.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Expulsion of Jews from France lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from France (1394) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- France
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Expulsions and exoduses of Jews”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms