Expulsion1
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Portugal banishes reconciled Maranos to Brazil
Portugal repeatedly transported Maranos to Brazil as punishment, a practice that continued for about twenty-five years.
- By
- Portugal
- Where
- Brazil
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Brazil (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Massacre / pogrom1
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Haidamak massacres of Jews in Bershad
In the 18th century Haidamak gangs killed Jews of Bershad.
- By
- Haidamak gangs
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bershad (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Forced conversion2
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Opera Pia dei Catecumeni founded in Modena
An institution for converting Jews to Christianity, the Opera Pia dei Catecumeni, began operating in Modena.
- By
- Duchy of Modena / Catholic Church
- Where
- Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Modena (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Compulsory baptisms under Clement XI
Many Jews were forcibly baptized during Clement XI's pontificate.
- By
- Pope Clement XI
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Rome (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Discriminatory law18
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Ban on Jews keeping public shops and stalls
A decree set protection money at 1,000 ducats and, at the shopkeepers' guild's request, barred Jews from keeping public shops.
- By
- Brandenburg-Prussian government
- Where
- Brandenburg, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Berlin (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Cap of fifty Jewish families and community tax
The number of Jewish families in the electorate was limited to fifty and the community was charged a collective yearly tax with a poll-tax.
- By
- Brandenburg government
- Where
- Brandenburg, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Berlin (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Doubled taxes and expulsion of unlicensed Jews in Brandenburg
A law doubled the protection tax, imposed a communal levy and removed poll-tax exemption; unlicensed Jews were to pay and then be expelled.
- By
- Brandenburg-Prussian government
- Where
- Brandenburg, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Kingdom of Prussia (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Edict against the'Alenu prayer
After an accusation that Jews spat in derision of Jesus during the'Alenu, a severe edict was issued against the prayer.
- By
- Brandenburg-Prussian government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Berlin (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Special taxes on Ashkenazi immigrants
Authorities imposed special taxes to limit the number of Ashkenazi Jews immigrating to Belgium.
- By
- Authorities of the southern Netherlands
- Where
- Belgium
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Belgium (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Mustafa II multiplies legal disabilities of Jews in Turkey
Under Sultan Mustafa II, Jews in the Ottoman Empire were forced to wear black shoes and hats, could not testify validly, and were confined to specified districts.
- By
- Sultan Mustafa II
- Where
- Turkey
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): disability (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Restrictions on Berlin Jews' trade and numbers, collective tax liability
The government limited Jewish population growth, raised taxes, made the community collectively liable for protection money, and banned open shops, trade in stolen goods and most retail trade.
- By
- Brandenburg government
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Berlin (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Limit of one slave per non-denizen Jew
Jews who were not denizens and lived in seaport towns were limited to one slave each on pain of forfeiture; the act stayed in force until 1706.
- By
- Government of Barbados
- Where
- Barbados
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Barbados (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Ernst Ludwig restricts Jewish worship and raises taxes
Ernst Ludwig restricted Jewish worship, enforced body-tax and protection-money, raised the admission tax and imposed a surplice-fee tax for the Protestant clergy.
- By
- Ernst Ludwig, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Where
- Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hesse (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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King Leopold I confirms ban on Jews staying in Pösing
After townspeople petitioned him, King Leopold I upheld the town's old right to bar Jews from residing there, and the Jew Lazar Hirsch had to move to the Palffy estate.
- By
- King Leopold I
- Where
- Pezinok (Pösing), Slovakia
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Pezinok (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Harsh anti-Jewish measures applied in Comtat Venaissin
In the second half of the seventeenth century the papal authorities fully enforced all the earlier restrictive measures against the Jews of Comtat Venaissin, making their condition unbearable.
- By
- Holy See and its councils
- Where
- Comtat Venaissin, France
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): France (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Heavy taxation of Jews under Ismail
During Ismail's reign the Jews of Fez suffered greatly from high taxes.
- By
- Ismail
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Fez (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Jews barred from residing in Pesth and taxed after Turkish defeat
After the Turks were expelled, Jews were not permitted to live in Pesth for almost a century. The magistrate taxed Jews passing through the city or staying overnight.
- By
- Magistrate of Pesth
- Where
- Budapest (Pest), Hungary
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Budapest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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"Lebendiges Geleite" escort and toll system for Jewish visitors
Jews allowed into Nuremberg had to report to the guard, were accompanied by an escort, were taxed on their purchases, and were barred from the market at midday.
- By
- Nuremberg authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Nuremberg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Siegburg Jews forced to quarter troops
In the seventeenth century the Jews of Siegburg were made to host troops, in breach of the terms of their charter.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Duchy of Berg (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Strict regulations and residence limits on Dresden Jews
In the 18th century Jews in Dresden lived under strict regulations and had limited residence rights.
- By
- Saxon authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dresden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Two-family limit on Jews in Soest continues in the 18th century
Throughout the 18th century the number of Jewish families permitted in Soest stayed restricted to two.
- By
- Authorities of Soest
- Where
- Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Soest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Jews denied free access to Besançon
From the late 17th to the late 18th century Jews were barred from entering the city freely, with only a few temporary residence permits granted to some merchants.
- By
- Authorities of Besançon
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Ghettoization1
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Jews restricted to one suburb of Bucharest
Under Constantin Brancovan the Jews were confined to a single suburb, and they were subject to special corporate assessments.
- By
- Constantin Brancovan
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
False accusation (libel)4
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Denunciations of Beja residents for Judaizing
A physician, Francisco de Sá e Mesquita, denounced dozens of people from Beja, on two occasions 66 and 92, claiming they had gathered to observe Jewish rites.
- By
- Francisco de Sá e Mesquita
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Beja (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Blood libel in Rome under Clement XI
A ritual blood accusation was brought against the Jews of Rome, later refuted in a book by R. Tranquillo Vita Corcos.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Rome (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Shabbtai Bass, Hebrew bibliographer, jailed over his press
Shabbtai ben Joseph Bass, biblical commentator and author of Siftei Yesharim, the earliest bibliography of Hebrew books, set up a printing house in 1689, though he was imprisoned several times on charges of printing anti-Christian material.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline for the History of Judaism (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Summary in Jistory's own words of facts from the Jewish Virtual Library, written with AI assistance. Not individually reviewed; the linked page is the authority. How entries are made
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Destruction1
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Destruction of the Grätz Jewish community in the Northern War
During the Northern War the Jewish community of Grätz was almost wiped out. Its rabbi, Judah Löb, had to flee to Frankfort-on-the-Oder.
- By
- Unknown
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Graz (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Readmission / emancipation2
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Temporary readmission of Jews to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Jews were allowed back into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies for a limited period, and a few presumably came to Palermo.
- By
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Palermo (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Clement XI ends humiliating carnival processions
Clement XI stopped the carnival processions in which 100 Jews were made to ride donkeys with the rabbi leading, seated backward.
- By
- Pope Clement XI
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Rome (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
Historical summaries, partly AI-assisted and not individually reviewed, provided as is. They may contain errors; check the linked sources. How entries are made · Terms