Expulsion2
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Limit of three Jewish families and expulsions in Göttingen
After accusations that Jews had ruined students through loans, a decree limited the city to three Jewish families, and the chancellor expelled even blameless Jews.
- By
- Government of Hanover; chancellor Von Beulwitz
- Where
- Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Göttingen (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
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Prussian expulsion of Jews from Thorn
After Prussia took the town, Jews were ordered to leave in 1793; they gained a temporary respite but were expelled in 1797.
- By
- Prussian government
- Where
- Toruń (Thorn), West Prussia, Poland
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Toruń (opens in a new tab)About this entry
Expulsions record persecution of Jews, not wrongdoing by Jews. Why this matters
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Massacre / pogrom4
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Assault on the Verona ghetto as French armies approached
As French revolutionary armies neared Verona, the local population attacked the ghetto and its inhabitants.
- By
- Local population
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Verona (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Guild attacks on Jewish moneylenders in Torun
In the latter half of the 18th century, members of the guilds attacked some Jews who lent money at interest to craftsmen together with guildmasters.
- By
- Guild members
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Toruń (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Haidamak massacres of Jews in Bershad
In the 18th century Haidamak gangs killed Jews of Bershad.
- By
- Haidamak gangs
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Bershad (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Frequent pogroms against the Jews of Meknès
After Meknès lost its status as capital in 1790, the Jewish community was repeatedly subjected to pogroms throughout the nineteenth century.
- By
- Unknown
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Meknes (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Discriminatory law12
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Double guild license payment for Jewish merchants
The Senate, acting without the emperor's knowledge, required Jewish merchants to pay twice as much for the guild license.
- By
- Russian Senate
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews forbidden to sell cosmetics
Moruzi used sumptuary laws as a pretext to bar Jews from selling cosmetics.
- By
- Prince Alexander Moruzi
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bucharest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Moruzi closes synagogue and punishes Jewish defenders
Prince Alexander Moruzi shut down the central synagogue and punished Jews who had defended themselves against attackers.
- By
- Prince Alexander Moruzi
2 sources
About this entry
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-
Censorship of Jewish books established in Riga
Under Paul I a special censorship of Jewish books was set up, centered in Riga, with censors who reported on condemned books.
- By
- Russian government under Paul I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Authorities obstruct construction of Szeged synagogue
Because of opposition from the authorities, the synagogue planned for 1789 could not be built until 1803.
- By
- Local authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Szeged (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Double taxation of Russian Jews, then special Jewish taxes
Jews had to pay double taxes for over two decades. When these were abolished, special Jewish taxes took their place.
- By
- Russian government
- Where
- Russian Empire (several countries)
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ali Pasha's heavy taxation of wealthy Jews
Ali Pasha, governor of the area, imposed a heavy tax burden on the wealthy Jews during his rule.
- By
- Ali Pasha
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Ioannina (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Renewed heavy taxation under Francis I
During Francis I's reign the Jews suffered more troubles and were again heavily taxed.
- By
- Francis I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Mantua (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Strict regulations and residence limits on Dresden Jews
In the 18th century Jews in Dresden lived under strict regulations and had limited residence rights.
- By
- Saxon authorities
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Dresden (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Two-family limit on Jews in Soest continues in the 18th century
Throughout the 18th century the number of Jewish families permitted in Soest stayed restricted to two.
- By
- Authorities of Soest
- Where
- Soest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Soest (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Jews denied free access to Besançon
From the late 17th to the late 18th century Jews were barred from entering the city freely, with only a few temporary residence permits granted to some merchants.
- By
- Authorities of Besançon
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Pale of Settlement
Catherine the Great restricted Jewish residence in the Russian Empire to its western provinces. The Pale lasted, with later additional restrictions, until the Russian Revolution.
- By
- Empress Catherine II (Russian Empire)
- Where
- Pale of Settlement (several countries)
Wikipedia: Pale of Settlement (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Ghettoization2
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Napoleon's troops free Italian ghettos
From 1796 to 1798, French forces under Napoleon freed many ghettos across Italy.
- By
- Napoleon liberate many
Jewish Virtual Library: Timeline of Jewish History in Italy (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Confinement of Jewish visitors to the "Jewish Inn" ghetto
Temporary Jewish visitors to Moscow were allowed to stay only in a designated house, which was locked at night and functioned as a ghetto.
- By
- Russian authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Moscow (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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False accusation (libel)2
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Ritual murder accusation against Jews of Smyrna (late 18th century)
Jews of Smyrna were accused of ritual murder in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The accusation was refuted.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- İzmir (Smyrna), Turkey
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): İzmir (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
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Spanish Inquisition
Established with papal approval, the Inquisition investigated and tried conversos (converted Jews and their descendants) suspected of secretly practising Judaism. Thousands were executed and many more punished.
- By
- Ferdinand II and Isabella I, with Pope Sixtus IV
- Where
- SpainSpanish Empire (several countries)
Wikipedia: Spanish Inquisition (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
This entry records a false accusation made against Jews. The accusation was untrue; it is recorded because of the persecution it caused. About false accusations
Text adapted from Wikipedia, “Spanish Inquisition”, by Wikipedia contributors. Lightly edited. Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. article (opens in a new tab) · history (opens in a new tab) · CC BY-SA 4.0 (opens in a new tab) How entries are made
Destruction1
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French bombardment destroys Jewish houses in Frankfurt
The French bombardment of the city set fire to and destroyed 140 houses in the Jews' street.
- By
- French forces
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Frankfurt (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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Readmission / emancipation16
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Catherine II halves the Karaite poll-tax
Catherine II reduced the poll-tax paid by the Karaites of the Crimea by half, easing a burden they had borne alongside the Rabbinites.
- By
- Catherine II
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Crimea (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Civic equality granted at the time of the French Revolution
Jews of Urbino obtained civic equality under French Revolutionary influence, though they lost it at the restoration.
- By
- French Revolutionary authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Urbino (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Frankfurt Jews allowed to live among Christians
Jews were given permission to live outside the ghetto among Christians.
- By
- Frankfurt authorities
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Frankfurt (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
French decree grants Jews equal rights at Bologna
General Salicetti, commissioner of the French Directory, decreed that Jews have the same rights as other citizens.
- By
- General Salicetti, French Directory
- Where
- Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Bologna (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
French remove civil disabilities of Ferrara Jews
French troops entering Italy proclaimed the rights of man in Ferrara and removed all civil disabilities from the Jews.
- By
- French troops
- Where
- Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
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Jews declared citizens with full civic rights
After the French expelled William of Orange, Jews were declared citizens and granted all civic rights and liberties.
- By
- France
- Where
- Netherlands
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
French armies demolish ghetto walls and grant equal rights
With the arrival of French revolutionary armies in Italy, ghetto walls were torn down and Jews were given equal rights.
- By
- French revolutionary armies
- Where
- Italy
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Encyclopaedia Judaica article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words; no text is reproduced. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
French conquest brings civic equality and ends Leibzoll in Treves
After the French took Treves in 1794, the Leibzoll was abolished by a 1797 law and the Jews gained civic equality.
- By
- French government
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Trier (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Citizenship and municipal rights granted to Jews of Courland
During his reign Paul I gave the Jews of Courland citizenship and municipal rights, which they had previously been denied.
- By
- Paul I
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Russian Empire (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Ludwig X abolishes Leibzoll and permits Jews to own land
Under Ludwig X the body-toll was abolished and Jews were allowed to acquire real estate, paving the way for emancipation.
- By
- Ludwig X, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
- Where
- Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany
Jewish Encyclopedia (1906): Hesse (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Jewish community of Besançon reestablished after the Revolution
Following the French Revolution, Jews were able to settle again in Besançon and the community was reconstituted, reaching 20 families by 1807.
- By
- French government
- Where
- Besançon, Franche-Comté, France
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Besançon (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Abolition of the Split ghetto
The ghetto in Split was abolished by the Napoleonic regime.
- By
- Napoleonic regime
Encyclopaedia Judaica: Split (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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-
Temporary emancipation under French influence
Alessandria's Jews, along with other Italian Jews, enjoyed temporary civic emancipation during the period of French influence.
- By
- French authorities
- Where
- Alessandria, Piedmont, Italy
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-
Emancipation of Jews under French rule in Nice
The temporary reunion of Nice with France brought emancipation to the Jews.
- By
- France
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Jews of Mainz become free French citizens
Under French rule from 1792 to 1814, the Jews of Mainz were free citizens of France.
- By
- French Republic
- Where
- Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
2 sources
About this entry
Summary of the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906, public domain) article, drafted with AI and checked automatically against the article's own words. Not individually reviewed; the article is the authority. How entries are made
-
Expulsion of Jews from France lifted in practice
The expulsion of Jews from France (1394) was lifted in practice.
- By
- Unknown
- Where
- France
Wikipedia: Expulsions and exoduses of Jews (opens in a new tab) CC BY-SA licence (opens in a new tab)About this entry
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